• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a sliding bearing (1) comprising a supporting layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) is subdivided in one plane into at least one first area (8) and at least one second area (9), and wherein the at least one first region (8) of AISn40Cu and the at least one second region (9) consist of a white metal.
    公开号:AT511434A4
    申请号:T44/2012
    申请日:2012-01-16
    公开日:2012-12-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Miba Gleitlager Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    25 14:30:05 16-01-2012 5/30 · # »* ft ft * · * ft * · * ··« 1
    The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing, according to which on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying process at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer is deposited, and a sliding bearing comprising a support layer and a Gieitschicht, wherein the sliding layer in a plane in at least two areas is divided
    Conventional liners of plain bearings are either made of soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel. Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding ability against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard skins have a high wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.
    In order to solve this contradiction, a plain bearing has been proposed in the applicant's WO 2009/059344 A2, in which the running layer is formed at least by a first partial application layer and a comparatively softer second partial application layer, wherein at least the second partial application layer over a length and / or a width of the tread has a varying layer thickness.
    EP 0 677 149 B1 describes a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges comprising a backing layer, an intermediate layer made of a material having a certain degree of hardness, and a sliding layer made of a material less hard than that of the intermediate layer wherein the sliding layer is applied to at least a substantial part of the intercalation 1 i 1 o 1 Λ n 1 Mr nnw P.005 / 030 25 14:30:42 16-01-2012 6/30 • * * fr «* »· Fr ι ·· fr t fr« fr 'fr ·· 2 layer is provided and has an inner side. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, the surfaces of each pair of surfaces intersecting along a cutting line which is covered by at least a portion of the circumferential extent of the bearing and that of the opposite one End edges of the bearing is inclined, wherein the surfaces fall off from the respective cutting line to reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer from the cutting line, and the radial inner surface of the sliding layer has a radius of curvature equal to the maximum equal to the distance between the axis of the bearing and each Point of each cut line is. There is thus provided a sleeve bearing having higher load capacity and higher wear resistance in all phases of its life while maintaining adequate embedability while reducing shaft wear.
    From DE 38 16 404 A1 a ternary sliding bearing is known, in which the intermediate layer is arranged from a harder bearing metal only in the axial edge regions of the bearing. In the heavily loaded center of the bearing, the sliding layer is supported directly by the steel support shell. There are thus breakthroughs avoided in the middle of the warehouse.
    Further, the prior art has also described so-called groove bearings, e.g. in DE 10 2004 030 017 A1, in which the lubricating alloy layer is coated with a soft material, such as e.g. Tin, filled grooves.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a plain bearing, which has a good embedding capacity for foreign substances while good wear resistance of the overlay, and to provide a method for its production.
    This object is achieved on the one hand by the method mentioned in which the layer of AISn40Cu and a white metal is produced, wherein in a first step, the AISn40Cu is applied to the substrate only in at least one defined area, wherein further regions of the substrate surface, the nmi 14 * 00 μ. · · Around ο p nnfi / nan 25 14:31:24 16-01-2012 7/30 λ *****
    • · > With the AISn40Cu, the AISn40Cu should not be coated, protected with a mask before deposition, and in at least a second step, the other area (s) with the White metal is coated by spraying or the AISn40Cu is applied in a first step over the entire surface and in a subsequent step in the or the other (s) area (s) is at least partially removed, and that in a subsequent step, the or another area (s) is coated with the white metal by spraying, or by a sliding bearing, wherein the at least a first region of AISn40Cu and the at least one second region made of a white metal.
    The advantage here is that by using a mask or a template so as to cover the areas of the substrate that are not to be coated with the AISn40Cu, for example the plain bearing half shell, now a possibility is created that both materials or all materials, from which the sliding layer is built, are in direct contact with the same substrate, whereby it is no longer necessary to take into account with respect to the adhesion of the materials for the sliding layer with each other, since the adhesive strength reaches over the substrate or the underlying layer of the sliding bearing becomes. It is thus possible to use hitherto unusable combinations of materials for sliding bearing layers, in particular for sliding layers, so that sliding bearings can be produced that better meet the conflicting tasks, namely on the one hand the embedding and adaptability and on the other hand the carrying capacity or wear resistance. In addition, the efficiency for the production of these slide bearings is improved by the Spritzverfähren, in particular, thus the use of different materials in the production of the respective layer of the sliding bearing is made more economical. By using powdery materials to produce the regions of the sliding layer of different materials, which are applied by means of a spraying process, on the one hand the advantage is achieved that the coating of the substrate can be made more targeted due to the particle shape of these powders, so that a "bleeding" of On the other hand, the advantage is im / on-1 Ο Λ · o Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br Br. 2012 8/30 • ······························································································································································································· 0 * * · 'v * »* 6 ·· 4 even when the material reaches the boundary between the materials, a physical or mechanical bond between the materials is created, which improves the cohesion of the sliding layer. By forming connections in the boundary regions between the regions of the different materials can also be prevented that one of the materials prematurely wears so far that this material would be lost in the werteren cycle life of the plain bearing.
    The combination of AISn40Cu with the white metal has the advantage of providing a mechanically high loadable area through the AISn40Cu, and on the other hand, softer areas are provided by the white metal. The AISn40Cu "supports" the white metal, which would not be able to withstand the high loads of the sliding bearing as a material. It can thus be provided with a sliding bearing that, especially in the start-up phase, in which there is still a lack of lubrication or lubrication of the bearing with a lubricant, is highly resilient and still has a lubricious or lubricating bearing surface due to the white metal. It can thus be provided in particular bearings for very large diesel engines, especially 2-stroke engines, in particular main bearings with more than 500mm diameter or crosshead bearings for 2-stroke engines.
    According to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the white metal is initially applied to the substrate over its entire area and the AISn40Cu is then released by mechanical post-processing of the layer. Thus, coating defects, which may occur, for example, when the AISn40Cu does not completely fill the first region (s), can be better compensated, with the additional advantage that by avoiding a mask for depositing the white metal, the coating process can be achieved can be made simpler.
    On the other hand, there is a possibility that a mask for masking areas of the substrate surface already coated with the AISn40Cu is also used for the deposition of the white metal on the substrate, whereby the economy can be improved in so far as a subsequent, M r ir fei / nnin * 1 / 1.00 QfiQD pnnR / nsn
    It is possible to dispense with mechanical post-processing for the removal of excess material and also to save material for coating.
    In the preferred embodiment of the method, at least one of the materials is applied by a cold spraying method or by a plasma spraying method or a flame spraying method, in particular a high-speed flame spraying method or a wire flame spraying method or a similar spraying method. The advantages are that the particles are applied to the substrate at a very high speed aufpralien, which despite the use of powdery materials very high film densities can be achieved with low oxidation of the particles. In addition, the adhesion of the sprayed layer to the substrate can be significantly improved in comparison with other spray processes, without thereby obtaining too high a thermal stress on the substrate itself. The cold gas spraying process also achieves the advantage that the powdered materials can be applied to the substrate practically unchanged, with the exception of a possibly resulting surface layer on the powder particles, so that the layer substantially completely reproduces the properties of the material powder. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the high speed flame spraying process.
    It can be provided that the AISn40Cu has a hardness which is at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, greater than the hardness of the white metal in order to give the sliding bearing on the one hand the necessary adaptability and embedability for dirt particles or for imparting particles from the abrasion and, on the other hand, the hardness required to improve wear resistance.
    Preferably, the white metal is applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. It can thus better avoid the risk of seizing the slide bearing due to excessive Kantenbeiastungen for hard bearing materials, on the other hand after completion of the adjustment of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing to the bearing surface, so if the load
    Mnn < 4 1n / ni j ηηιn 1 λ .od Mr DU »nnp / n. ^ N 25 14:33:37 16-01-2012 10/30
    «I» I J ::: I * I * > f > is distributed over the entire bearing surface, the plain bearing still has a sufficiently high strength due to the harder middle region.
    Furthermore, there is the possibility that the materials are sprayed with a different spraying process, which allows better consideration of the material properties, so that subsequently the adhesive strength of the materials on the substrate surface can be improved.
    It is also possible that the white metal is deposited with a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity than the A! Sn40Cu. It can thus be achieved that in the running-in phase of the sliding bearing by the trained topography of the surface of the area with the white metal, the oil absorption of the sliding bearing is improved, whereby its wear can be significantly reduced in the break-in phase.
    According to one embodiment variant of the slide bearing, the white metal is selected from a group comprising lead-containing white metals such as LgPbSn9Cd (= PbSb14Sn9Cu1), SAE14PbSb15Sn10Cu1), LgPbSb16 (= PbSb16), and lead-free white metals such as LgSn85CuNi (= SnSb12.5Cu3.5Nt1.2Cd1), LgSn82 (= SnSb12Cu5.5Cd1), LgSn89 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5), SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5 with 0.1% As), HM07 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5Cd1), WM80 (= SnSb12Cu6Pb2), WM10 (= = PbSb15.5Sn10Cu1). Preference is given to using fabrics which are already available in wire form, e.g. SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5). With these materials sliding layers can be provided with very good bearing capacity at not too low hardness, for example SAE12.
    To improve the properties of the AISn40Cu, it may be provided that the AISn40Cu still has other alloying elements selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. Si achieves grain refinement and increases the hardness of the alloy. Mn also causes grain refinement, but Mn precipitates before Si in the solidification process. As a result, crystallization nuclei form already in the early solidification state. Through Mg and Ni the fatigue strength can be improved. ηλ / λη λ λ. oc M r DfiQO p nm / mo 25 14:34:20 16-01-2012 11/30: ii 7
    In this case, the sum proportion of the further alloying elements is preferably at most 3% by weight, in particular between 0.3% by weight and 2% by weight. Shares smaller than 0.3% do not give rise to the desired effect to the desired extent; too high a proportion of these elements can lead to undesirable formation of brittle phases.
    It is also possible that a Gleitlackschicht is applied to the overlay. It can thus be improved, the running-in behavior of the plain bearing, so that phase in which essentially takes place the adaptation of the sliding bearing surface to the surface of the mounted shaft. The hard surface provided by the AISn40Cu is advantageous, as it can improve the wear resistance of the anti-friction coating even at high loads.
    The connection between the areas of the sliding bearing of the different Werkstoffpulvem can be made by a cold-kinetic compression process, so that the materials used are not or not significantly changed by thermal stress through this connection process during the production of the sliding bearing materials.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:
    Figure 1 is a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view.
    2 shows a device for producing a plain bearing.
    3 shows a variant of a plain bearing in plan view.
    Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a sliding bearing in plan view;
    Fig. 5 cut a variant of a sliding bearing in end view. M VW 4 ηΊϊΠΛ
    P M r 011/030
    I 25 14:34:57 16-01-2012 12'30 8
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position.
    Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a sliding bearing 1 in the form of a sliding bearing halfschaie with a support member 2 and a support shell, and a directly attached thereto sliding layer. 3
    It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention is not limited to plain bearings 1 in the form of plain bearing half shells, but rather also other plain bearings 1 are included, such as. Thrust rings, bearing bushes (shown in phantom in Fig. 1), as well as directly coated applications, e.g. the direct coating of a connecting rod bearing or a connecting rod, in particular with a sliding layer 3rd
    The support member 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronze, etc. By the support element 2, the sliding bearing is given the dimensional stability.
    Between the sliding layer 3 and the support element 2, a layer of metal layer 4 may be arranged, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1.
    The Lagermetalischicht 4 may in principle consist of the usual, known from the prior art bearing metals for such sliding bearings 1. Examples of bearing metal layers 3 are:
    Aluminum-based bearing metals, in particular: AISnOcuNi, AISn20Cu, A! Si4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AISi11Cu, AISn6Cu, AISn25CuMn, AISi11CuMgNi; 1Ρ / Λ1 / ΠΛ1 Π 1 Λ · Mr. Dmo P. 012/030 25 14:35:36 16-01-2012 13/30 «« ««; t 9
    Bearing metals based on copper, in particular:
    CuSnIO, CuAl10Fe5Ni5, CuZn31Si1, CuPb24Sn2, CuSn8Bi10, CuSn5Zn;
    Tin-based bearing metals, in particular:
    SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.
    It is also possible to use bearing metals other than the bearing metals based on nickel, silver, iron or chromium alloys.
    Furthermore, it is possible to arrange at least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer at least between individual layers, that is, for example, the stub element 2 and the layer metal layer 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4. The bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose, for example by an aluminum layer, tin layer, copper layer, nickel layer, silver layer or their alloys, in particular binary alloys.
    The diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 pm. Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.
    The bearing metal layer 4 can have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 100 μm, preferably 300 μm, and an upper limit of 6 mm, preferably 3 mm, the support element 2 can have a layer thickness selected from a range with one lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably 20 mm.
    According to the invention, the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of several, that is at least two, different materials, which are arranged in discrete areas on the substrate, that is, in the simplest case directly on the support member 2. If intermediate layers are present between the sliding layer 3 and the other layers of the sliding bearing 1, the substrate is accordingly superposed by the arrangement of the corresponding layers, * 1 r 4 r > / Λ1 / nni n 14-07 p ms / nsn 10 25 14:36:15 16-01-2012 14/30 «« :: ie, for example, a support element 2 with layered metal layer 4 arranged thereon
    It should be noted at this point that in the following with regard to the invention, only the sliding layer 3 is treated. However, it is within the scope of the invention, of course, possible that other layers of the plain bearing 1, in particular the possibly existing bearing metal layer 4, according to the invention with different discrete areas with different materials is made, with a combination of layers is possible in each These layers or at least two of these layers each consist of several different materials. In the event that the bearing metal layer 4 is made of at least two different materials, these materials can be selected from the materials mentioned above, wherein, if the plain bearing 1 is produced with the preferred embodiment of the method, in particular by means of cold gas spraying or HVF spraying, all combinations these materials are possible.
    FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic comparison of the coating process of the support element 2 with a first material 5. For this purpose, a mask 6 is placed on the support element 2 - in FIG. 2 the mask 6 is shown at a distance from the surface of the support element 2 for reasons of better clarity - and the material 5 is deposited on a first region 8 with the aid of a coating device 7. This first region 8 extends in this embodiment variant of the sliding bearing 1 from a central region to the two stimusi-term edge regions of the support element 2, so that in the region of the side edges - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - two lateral constrictions of this first region 8 exist. For this purpose, the mask 6 or the template is correspondingly shaped, so that these two constricted further regions 9 are covered and thus are not coated with the material 5 in this first coating step.
    There is also the possibility that the mask 6 is at a short distance from the surface of the substrate, that is to say the support element 2, from an external holding input r / n rs η Π H 4. Λ "Ϊ M - □ no o (vu / r ^ n 25 14:36:59 16-01-2012 15/30 * ·
    11 may be selected, this distance may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of Θ mm.
    The coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 emerges. Of course, this coating means 7 of course includes various supply means for the material 5, which are not shown in Fig. 2, however.
    As soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5, the mask 6 is removed. In a subsequent coating step, the two regions 9 are coated with another material which is different from the material 5. This coating can take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, that is to say of the substrate element 2, is coated on the inside, that is to say on the surface facing a component to be supported, with this further material. In other words, therefore, the area 8 which has been previously coated with the material 5, also coated with the other material. In this embodiment variant of the method, in a final processing step, in particular a mechanical post-processing, for example by fine boring, in which the excess material which has been applied to the area 8, is removed again, so that both areas 8, 9, that is, the material 5 and the other material, visible on the finished slide bearing and can be brought to rest on a component to be stored.
    In a variant of the method, there is the possibility that the area 8 is covered with a further mask and only the areas 9 are coated with the further material, again with a coating device 7.
    It creates by these methods a sliding layer 3 of at least two materials of different nature - it can also be more than two areas 8,9 formed on the sliding bearing 1 for the sliding layer 3 as needed, and it is also possible that more than two materials of different nature for more than one λΙΛΛ4 4 kl r * 00 * 59 p - 015 / Q30 25 14:37:41 16-01-2012 16/30
    The materials forming the sliding layer 3 are in direct contact with the substrate, ie in the present case with the support element 2. The area β is coated with a hard material and the areas 9 are coated with a comparatively softer material.
    There is also the possibility that in a first process step, the first material 5 is applied over the entire surface of the substrate. In this case, in a further method step, the at least one further region 9 can be produced by, for example, lateral boring in the region of the longitudinal side edges of the sliding bearing 1 or by oblique boring on one side or two sides a round or rounded recess for the regions 9 in the region of the longitudinal side edges , In general, therefore, the first material can be removed by machining such as drilling or grinding in the areas 9 again.
    As material 5, AISn40Cu is used. Optionally, this aluminum-based alloy may be provided with further alloying elements. These alloying elements may be selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. It is advantageous if the sum content of these alloying elements is limited to a maximum of 3% by weight. In particular, this sum fraction can be between 0.3% by weight and 2% by weight.
    It is possible that Mn is contained in a proportion between 0.05 wt .-% and 1.5 wt .-%.
    Mg may be contained in a proportion of between 0.1% by weight and 1.5% by weight.
    Ni may be contained in a proportion of between 0.1% by weight and 1.5% by weight.
    Si may be contained in a proportion between 0.2% by weight and 2% by weight.
    The other material for the areas 9 is a white metal. The white metal may be selected from a group comprising lead-containing white metals such as LgPbSn9Cd, SAE 14, LgPbSb16, as well as lead-free white metals such as LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SAE12, HM07, WM80, WM10 (composition of the works') At ίΛΛΙ Π Η Λ Ο Λ mo mo mo 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 • ft ft ft · 13
    Substances see above). Preference is given to using fabrics which are already available in wire form, e.g. SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5).
    Preferred combinations of materials are for example AISn40Cu / SAE12 or AISn25CuMn / LgSn82.
    In a preferred embodiment, the application of the material 5 and the at least one further material takes place with a cold gas spraying process or with a plasma spraying process or with a flame spraying process, in particular a high-speed flame spraying process or a wire flame spraying process, wherein combinations of these two processes are also possible, for example the harder one A! Sn4QCu is applied for area 8 by means of high speed flame spraying and the white metal for areas 9 by means of cold gas spraying.
    In principle, the method of cold gas spraying in the field of plain bearing production is already known. For example, Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2 describes a method for producing the composite using cold gas spraying. The coating of a slide bearing by means of cold gas spraying is also already known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1.
    In the case of cold gas spraying, materials are known to be accelerated to a relatively high speed, in particular pulverulent materials, and consequently impact the surface of the substrate at high speed, during which impact the individual particles are firmly joined together to form a dense layer. Similarly, in high-velocity flame spraying (HVOF spraying), powdery materials are also accelerated at high speed against the substrate surface, which in turn also results in dense layers due to the impact on the substrate surface. However, higher temperatures are usually used in high-speed slurry spraying than is the case with cold gas spraying. However, both methods offer the advantage that low-oxide layers arise due to the short residence time 25 25 18/30 14:39:03 16-01-2012 * · · Φ # · Φ * · * * a Φ * Φ Φ · φ m , * a «14 of the particles in the spray, so that therefore the resulting layers have substantially the composition having the powdered ingredients.
    The plasma spraying itself is also already known and therefore reference is made in this regard to the relevant literature.
    Because of the lower temperature, cold gas spraying for the white metal is preferably used to coat the regions 9, since these materials preferably contain low melting elements such as tin or bismuth. Likewise, a wire-spraying method is preferably used.
    Due to the high speed with which the powdery materials are applied to the substrate surface, a cold-kinetic compression process takes place, so that in the boundary regions between the areas 8 and 9, where the two different materials abut each other, by this cold-kinetic compression, a combination of these two materials, Although they have a different composition, can be produced, so that therefore has the existing of the different materials sliding layer 3 in the layer despite different materials a high bond strength.
    Due to the high impact speed it is also achieved that the connection with, i. Adhesion to the substrate surface is relatively high, so that a solid cohesion of the layer structure, that is, the composite material is achieved. If, however, the bond strength of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, that is the support element 2, is insufficient, it is possible that the surface of the substrate, for example the support element 2, is roughened before coating, for example by mechanical and / or chemical methods, as these are known from the prior art.
    In Fig. 2 it is shown that an already preformed semi-finished product is coated in the form of a half-shell. In the context of the invention, however, there is also the possibility that the coating takes place on a flat surface and the mechanical deformation of the glacier bearing half-shell takes place only after further operation (PW
    P hl κ Λ -ί / ΠΛ Η η Η A. A f onoo mft / n ^ n
    25 14:39:46 16-01-2012 19/30 ** · · · «· * ·» · * ··· * · * I
    15 completion of the entire coating process is performed. It is advantageous that the AiSn40Cu and the white metal are cold kinetically connected to the surface of the substrate, as this virtually no or only slight changes in the (powder) applied materials are caused during the forming process, so that optionally no thermal post-treatment after Forming process is required.
    The speed of the particles in the Kattgasspritzen depends on the sprayed material. Thus, e.g. for soft materials such as tin speeds between 150m / s and 350m / s are necessary, for copper however 400m / s to 1100m / s. Hard materials can require even higher speeds.
    As the carrier gas, inert gases such as argon or preferably nitrogen can be used.
    The amount of powder may be selected depending on the powder size and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, typically it will be between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher levels are chosen for more porous layers, while denser layers require smaller amounts of powder. For HVOF spraying or HVAF spraying (HVOF uses oxygen, HVAF uses air and thus tends to be cooler), the parameters are similar, but it comes to the gas type. It may depend on the desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, e.g. Forming gas, used.
    The speed of the particles depends again on the material as above. In addition, the residence time of the powder in the jet (i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated) must be taken into account, since the surface of the particles is to be oxidized in a controlled manner.
    On the sliding layer 3, a lubricating varnish layer can be deposited by the usual methods such as brushing, dipping or spraying. In principle, all sliding coatings known in the field of plain bearing technology can be replaced. As lubricants, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, such as, for example, polyisocyanates, can be used as lubricants. EXAMPLE 1 ηιτηη 1CM1 / 0/111 1Λ- / Ι1 r11 Rm9 .019 / 030 25 14:40:27 16-01-2012 20/30 Perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymers, random copolymers, e.g. Perfluoroethylene-propylene, polyester-imides, bismaleimides, polyimide-resins, e.g. Carboranimide, aromatic polyimide resins, hydrogen-free polyimide resins, poly-triazo-pyromellithimides, polyamideimides, especially aromatic, polyaryletherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, polyetherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates.Epoxy resins, epoxy resin esters, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones , Polyaiyl ethers, polyaryl ketones, polyaryletherketones, polyaryl ether ether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polyether ketones, polyvinylidene diflourides, polyethylene sulfides, allylene sulfide, polytriazo pyromellithimides, polyester imides, polyaryl sulfides, polyvinyl sulfides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyaryl sulfones, polyaryloxides, polyaryl sulfides, and the like Copolymers thereof.
    Preference is given to a lubricating varnish which in the dry state consists of 40% by weight to 45% by weight of MoS 2 (20% by weight to 25% by weight of graphite and 30% by weight to 40% by weight of polyamide imide, or PTFE-filled paints for greatly reduced coefficients of friction, where appropriate, hard particles, such as oxides, nitrides or carbides, may be contained in the bonded coating in a total amount of up to 20 wt .-%, which replace a proportion of solid lubricants the advantage that this is abradable in the form of relatively small particles, so that these particles in the sequence neither the surface of the sliding bearing, so the sliding layer 3, disturb, nor disturbing effect in an oil circuit.
    For the production of the sliding layer 3, preference is given to using a material for the region 8 which has a hardness which is at least 20% greater than the hardness of the further material for the regions 9.
    In principle, there is also the possibility in all processes that the softer white metal, provided that it has the entire surface area as described above, without 1β / Λ1 / ΟΛ1 O 1 AA 1 Mr * Rfl ^ 9 .020 / 030 25 25 21/30 14:41:10 16-01-2012
    17
    Mask 6 was applied, not or not completely removed and thus is available as a so-called inlet layer.
    There is also the possibility that in particular the white metal is deposited in the regions Θ with a higher surface roughness than the AISn40Cu. For example, this can be achieved by spraying the particles at a lower speed against the substrate to be coated. In this case, the surface roughness may differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, that is, the region 9 may have an at least 10% higher surface roughness. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of Rz 10 and an upper limit of Rz 50. Preferably, the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz 35.
    Furthermore, it is possible to deposit the white metal with a higher porosity than the AISn40Cu, for example by increasing the powder throughput per unit of time or by reducing the injection speed. The porosity of the white metal can be greater by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, than that of the AISn40Cu.
    It should be noted at this point that, if in the description AtSn40Cu is mentioned as a material, the corresponding statements apply to the AISn40Cu with at least one of the other alloying elements.
    It should be mentioned that it is also possible in principle that the conditions with respect to the surface roughness and the porosity can also be in the opposite direction than in the preferred embodiment.
    3 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3. The areas 9 in the side edge region - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - continuously provided with the white metal, wherein the interface between the two materials, ie the AISn40Cu and the white metal, runs straight. With this embodiment of the invention
    Mr · orv}
    P 021/030 25 14:41:52 16-01-2012 22/30 * * * * * · * * * * * * * ** «· ·« * ♦ # 18 a sliding bearing 1 is provided the tendency of the hard AISn40Cu in the region 8 to be reduced by high edge load, and it is also achieved that the relatively soft AISn40Cu white metal in the areas 9 in the edge region after completion of the adjustment during the running-in phase still has sufficient strength the load to be carried on the entire tread of the sliding bearing 1 is distributed.
    It should be mentioned at this point that it is possible within the scope of the invention to make the regions 8, 9 also different in terms of their geometry.
    Furthermore, there is the possibility that a hardness gradient is produced by means of the spraying process in the sliding layer 3, in particular in the regions 9 provided with the white metal, wherein the gradient is preferably designed such that these regions 9 in the area of the surface, that is in the Area of the tread, running soft and hardness in the direction of the substrate, so for example on the support member 2, increases, so that after the break-in period, these softer areas 9 also have a higher strength and thus improved contribute to load transfer. This hardness gradient can be achieved for example by different particle speeds and / or alloy compositions.
    Fig. 4 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3, in which the two areas 9 are formed with the white metal also in the region of the longitudinal side edges of the sliding bearing 1, but have no straight course, but an arcuate with the largest width at least approximately in the area of the bearing center line - viewed in the axial direction.
    Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a sliding bearing 1 in the direction of the end of the slide bearing 1. Shown again is the substrate, that is, the support member 2, on which the sliding layer 3 is deposited directly, with AISn40Cu in the area 8 and the white metal in the two lateral regions 9. In this embodiment, the white metal is deposited for regions 9 with a higher layer thickness compared to the layer thickness of AISn40Cu for region 8. 42:35 16-01-2012 23/30 19 different. Thus, the material with a higher layer thickness is deposited, which has the lower hardness. The layer thickness difference can be between 10% and 30% of the largest layer thickness, ie the layer thickness in the region of the white metal of the regions 9.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that in order to improve the understanding of the design of the slide bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size. 1 r i n-i ι ΟΠ1 Ο Λ Λ ΛΠ Μ ÜM9 P 023/030 25 14:44:12 16-01-2012 26/30
    * »» »» T I «» * * ► ** · «« * * * · * »« «» »»
    Reference Designation 1 Sliding bearing 2 Supporting element 3 Sliding layer 4 Layer of bearing metal 5 Material 6 Mask 7 Coating device 8 Area 9 Area 10 Spray nozzle 16/01/2012 14:45
    No .: R032 P.026 / 030
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    25 14:42:59 16-01-2012 24/30 25 14:42:59 16-01-2012 24/30 ♦ * «* • · V 9 9 ψ φ • * * ♦ * ·« · * * * 1. A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (1), according to which on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying process at least one layer, in particular one Sliding layer (3) is deposited, characterized in that the layer of AISn40Cu and a white metal is produced, wherein in a first step, the AISn40Cu is applied to the substrate only in at least one defined area (8), wherein further regions (9) the substrate surface, which are not to be coated with the AISn40Cu be protected with a mask (6) before deposition, and that in at least a second step, the (s) (9) or the further area (s) with the white metal by spraying or that the AISn40Cu is coated in a first Sch Ritt is applied over the entire surface and in a subsequent step in the or the other (s) area (s) (9) is at least partially removed, and that in a subsequent step, the or the other (s) area (s) (9) is or will be coated with the white metal by spraying.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the white metal is initially applied over the entire surface of the substrate and the AISn40Cu is then exposed by a mechanical post-processing of the layer.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the deposition of the white metal on the substrate also a mask (6) for blanking of the already coated with the AISn40Cu region (6) of the substrate surface is used.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the AISn40Cu and / or the white metal by a cold gas spraying method or by a plasma spraying method or with a flame spraying method, N2011 / 32700 .Hin. ιηίι, ι, -i A. Λ A μ-on-30 p n A A / n 3n 2 25 14:43:37 16-01-2012 25/30 · · · · insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere insbesondere Draht Draht Draht Draht Draht Draht Draht.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the white metal is applied only in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface.
    [6]
    6. plain bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) is subdivided in a plane into at least a first region (8) and at least a second region (9), characterized in that the at least one first region (8) of AISn40Cu and the at least one second region (9) consist of a white metal.
    [7]
    A plain bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that the white metal is selected from a group comprising PbSn9Cd, SAE14, Lg PbSb16, LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SnSb7.5Cu3.5, HM07, WM80, WM10.
    [8]
    8. plain bearing according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the AISn40Cu still has Wettere alloying elements, which are selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si.
    [9]
    9. Plain bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that the sum of the additional alloying elements is at most 3% by weight, in particular between 0.3% by weight and 2% by weight.
    [10]
    10. Sliding bearing according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that on the sliding layer (3) a lubricating varnish layer is applied. Miba Gleitlager GmbH by AnwäkeBuräer ^ tPartner Rechtsanwalt GmbH N2011 / 92700 P.025 / 030
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    同族专利:
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    DK201370019A|2013-07-17|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT360237B|1977-05-16|1980-12-29|Glyco Metall Werke|WHITE METAL BEARING ALLOY|
    DE3816404A1|1988-05-13|1989-11-30|Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh|THREE-MATERIAL SLIDING BEARING|
    DE102004030017A1|2003-06-30|2005-02-24|Daido Metal Co. Ltd., Nagoya|Slide|
    WO2006120017A1|2005-05-13|2006-11-16|Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh & Co. Kg|Plain bearing composite material, use thereof and production methods therefor|
    WO2009059344A2|2007-11-09|2009-05-14|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|Bearing element|US9610605B2|2010-05-31|2017-04-04|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Method for cold gas spraying of a layer having a metal microstructure phase and a microstructure phase made of plastic, component having such a layer, and use of said component|
    WO2020237275A1|2019-05-29|2020-12-03|Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh|Method for producing a multi-layer plain bearing, and plain bearing production device|
    WO2020237276A1|2019-05-29|2020-12-03|Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh|Multilayer slide bearing and method for producing a multilayer slide bearing|DE3815265A1|1988-05-05|1989-11-16|Kolbenschmidt Ag|MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITE BEARINGS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF|
    EP1900473A1|2006-09-15|2008-03-19|ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG|Process for manufacturing a connecting rod|
    DE102006060021A1|2006-12-19|2008-06-26|Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg|Preparing heavy-duty coating composition containing e.g. tin, useful to coat on e.g. bearings, comprises introducing an input stock of the composition into a cold gas spraying system, cold gas spraying of metal layers on a base metal|
    AT510190B1|2010-07-30|2012-05-15|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTILAYER SLIDING BEARING|AT515099B1|2014-01-31|2015-06-15|Miba Gleitlager Gmbh|Multilayer plain bearings|
    法律状态:
    2017-09-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20170116 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA44/2012A|AT511434B1|2012-01-16|2012-01-16|BEARINGS|ATA44/2012A| AT511434B1|2012-01-16|2012-01-16|BEARINGS|
    CH00108/13A| CH706054A2|2012-01-16|2013-01-11|A method for producing a multilayer sliding bearing, and a plain bearing comprising a supporting layer and a sliding layer.|
    DKPA201370019A| DK201370019A|2012-01-16|2013-01-15|Sliding bearing|
    CN2013101112048A| CN103206457A|2012-01-16|2013-01-16|Sliding bearing|
    JP2013005641A| JP2013145052A|2012-01-16|2013-01-16|Slide bearing|
    KR1020130005103A| KR20130084267A|2012-01-16|2013-01-16|Sliding bearing|
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